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  <title>compass - National Maritime Museum Collections Online</title>
  <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/requestHandlers/doQuickSearch.cfm?searchterm=compass&amp;authority=category&amp;category=&amp;startrow=1</link>
  <description><![CDATA[Search results from the collections of the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London.]]></description>
  <copyright>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London</copyright>
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    <item>
    	<title> Gyrocompass switch board</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0488%2E2</link>
        <enclosure url="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/images/100/F/55/F5583.jpg" length="100000" type="image/jpeg"/>
	<dc:identifier>NAV0488.2</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Gyrocompass switch board</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>Brown, S G, Ltd</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>London, England; ca.1950</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial>London, England</dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal></dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium></dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Navigational Instruments</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[Switchboard for the gyro compass.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0488%2E2</guid>
        <pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2008 12:37:19 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>2008-02-13T12:37:19Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
    <item>
    	<title> Mariner&apos;s compass</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0383</link>
        <enclosure url="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/images/100/F/46/F4615.jpg" length="100000" type="image/jpeg"/>
	<dc:identifier>NAV0383</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Mariner&apos;s compass</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>George Adams</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>London, England; circa 1776</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial>London, England</dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal>1776</dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium>brass; paper; wood; glass</dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, Pym Collection</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Navigational Instruments</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[The compass is housed in a wooden box, with a lid and an internal glass cover to allow the compass to be viewed while in the box. It is a dry card compass, marked with the points but not with degrees. The brass compass-housing fits onto a spike in the bottom of the box that allows the compass to move around and remain level. When not in use, a wooden slide within the box holds the compass in place. 

At the north point of the compass card is the inscription &#x2018;G. Knight Invt.&#x2019;. This refers to Dr Gowin Knight (1713&#x2013;72), who in 1745 invented a method for making strongly magnetic steel bars, and from this developed a steel compass needle which retained its magnetism much longer than the needles used previously. This innovation did away with the need to continuously re-magnetize compass needles with a lodestone during a voyage, although compasses were taken to an instrument-making firm to re-magnetize the needles once they returned to port. 

The maker&#x2019;s name appears both on the compass card and on the cover of the compass and refers to George Adams (1750&#x2013;1795) of the Adams firm founded by his father. The firm was one of the leading instrument suppliers in London in the late 18th century, with clients including the Board of Ordnance as well as being appointed instrument makers to the king. George Adams was employed as the sole agent for Knight&#x2019;s compasses.
]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0383</guid>
        <pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2008 11:25:14 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>2008-02-13T11:25:14Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
    <item>
    	<title> Compass dial</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=AST0245</link>
        <enclosure url="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/images/100/F/21/F2140.jpg" length="100000" type="image/jpeg"/>
	<dc:identifier>AST0245</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Compass dial</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>C. Stedman</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>London, England; circa 1700</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial>London, England</dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal>1680/1720</dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium>brass; card; paper; glass</dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, Landau Collection</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Astronomical Instruments</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[Compass dial set in a brass box with a brass screw-on lid. The dial consists of a folding gnomon hinged to the hour plate, which is cut away to reveal a revolving compass underneath. Around the rim of the hour plate is an hour scale of Roman numerals. The compass card is printed from a copper plate, is coloured, and displays a 16-point compass rose marked by English initials. There is a scale for degrees around its outside edge and a glass plate covers all. The lid also carries a compass rose, pasted on to its inside, with 32 points and marked in black and white. &apos;C Stedman London&apos; is signed round the central flower decoration both on the compass card and on the lid. The standard of engraving on this dial is not very high and it is similar to AST1143.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=AST0245</guid>
        <pubDate>Wed, 29 Oct 2008 16:27:32 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>2008-10-29T16:27:32Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
    <item>
    	<title> AGM 5</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0498%2E4</link>
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	<dc:identifier>NAV0498.4</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Gyro-magnetic compass repeater</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>unknown</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>England; circa 1952</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial>England</dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal>1952</dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium></dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Navigational Instruments</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[Repeater with dimmer switch for the gyro compass type AGM 5.

The gyro-magnetic compass was designed to combine the best aspects of the gyrocompass and the magnetic compass, by using a gyro-control to smooth out perturbations of the magnetic system, in particular those arising during fast turns and complicated manoeuvrings. Initially, this had been successfully tried in aircraft and was then applied to marine compasses in the 1950s. These trials resulted in the development of the AGM 5 by 1952. This compass was an immediate success and was widely fitted as the standard compass on ships.

The remaining parts of the system comprise a binnacle and compass, gyro unit, control console, a ribbon repeater with dimmer unit, two supply switches and some cables. Beneath the removable hood of the binnacle is a compass with a card of 5 inch (127 mm) diameter that is marked in points and in degrees (0-360).]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0498%2E4</guid>
        <pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2008 12:36:19 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>2008-02-13T12:36:19Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
    <item>
    	<title> Compass dial</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=AST1143</link>
        <enclosure url="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/images/100/D/88/D8821-2.jpg" length="100000" type="image/jpeg"/>
	<dc:identifier>AST1143</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Compass dial</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>unknown</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>England; 18th century</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial>England</dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal>1701/1800</dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium>brass; paper; glass</dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Astronomical Instruments</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[Compass dial for latitude 51&#xb0; North. Round brass compass dial with a screw-on lid. The cutaway dial-plate bears Roman numerals for use with the folding gnomon as a horizontal sundial. Inside the base under the glass cover is a printed compass card, showing the cardinal and quadrantal points of the compass, with a fleur-de-lys at the North point. It has a steel compass needle. Inside the lid is pasted a printed compass rose showing 32 points of the compass. 

The standard of engraving on this instrument is not very high, suggesting that the dial was made by an amateur. The latitude corresponds to places in Southern England. The dial could possibly have been intended for use in London (51&#xb0; 32&apos;).

For more information regarding this dial please refer to the OUP &amp;amp; NMM catalogue, &apos;Sundials at Greenwich&apos;.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=AST1143</guid>
        <pubDate>Wed, 29 Oct 2008 16:27:33 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>2008-10-29T16:27:33Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
    <item>
    	<title> AGM 5</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0498%2E2</link>
        <enclosure url="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/images/100/F/55/F5590-001.jpg" length="100000" type="image/jpeg"/>
	<dc:identifier>NAV0498.2</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Gyro-magnetic compass gyro unit</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>unknown</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>England; circa 1952</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial>England</dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal>1952</dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium></dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Navigational Instruments</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[Gyro unit for the gyro compass type AGM 5, with removable hood. Gyro gimbal-mounted.

The gyro-magnetic compass was designed to combine the best aspects of the gyrocompass and the magnetic compass, by using a gyro-control to smooth out perturbations of the magnetic system, in particular those arising during fast turns and complicated manoeuvrings. Initially, this had been successfully tried in aircraft and was then applied to marine compasses in the 1950s. These trials resulted in the development of the AGM 5 by 1952. This compass was an immediate success and was widely fitted as the standard compass on ships.

The remaining parts of the system comprise a binnacle and compass, gyro unit, control console, a ribbon repeater with dimmer unit, two supply switches and some cables. Beneath the removable hood of the binnacle is a compass with a card of 5 inch (127 mm) diameter that is marked in points and in degrees (0-360).]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0498%2E2</guid>
        <pubDate>Fri, 07 Mar 2008 12:33:24 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>2008-03-07T12:33:24Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
    <item>
    	<title> Azimuth compass</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=ACO0034</link>
        <enclosure url="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/images/100/F/46/F4616.jpg" length="100000" type="image/jpeg"/>
	<dc:identifier>ACO0034</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Compass</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>Dent, E, &amp; Co</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>London, England; circa 1899</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial>London, England</dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal>1899</dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium>brass; card; glass</dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, Admiralty Compass Observatory Collection</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Admiralty Compass Observatory Collection</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[Azimuth compasses are used for taking accurate bearings from a ship. They therefore have vertical sights on top and the compass card is divided into degrees as well as the points of the compass.

This example is a dry card compass. Each quarter of the card is divided from 0 to 90 degrees, with 0 at the north and south points. The numbers are printed in reverse, so that they can be read when viewed through the mirror sight. The back sight has two coloured filters (one red, one green) for use in bright conditions or when looking towards the sun, and there is an additional filter for the fore sight. The compass is held on gimbals, which allow it to remain level, and has a locking screw on the side to hold the compass card in place when not in use.

The maker&#x2019;s name is inscribed on top of the compass, and &#x2018;2283&#x2019; is stamped onto it in a number of places.
]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=ACO0034</guid>
        <pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2008 11:12:22 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>2008-02-13T11:12:22Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
    <item>
    	<title> [Black Sea]</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=DUF236%3A1%2F5</link>
        <enclosure url="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/images/100/F/02/F0278.jpg" length="100000" type="image/jpeg"/>
	<dc:identifier>DUF236:1/5</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Chart/map</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>ca. 1800 manuscript</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial>Sea of Marmora, Sea of Azov</dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal>1800</dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium></dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Charts</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[Duff collection
Ungraduated chart. Compass rose &amp; rhumb lines.
In pencil, verso: Chart of the Black Sea
]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=DUF236%3A1%2F5</guid>
        <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 1900 00:00:00 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>1900-01-01T00:00:00Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
    <item>
    	<title> Sestrel-Luard conversion protractor</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0093</link>
        <enclosure url="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/images/100/F/74/F7460.jpg" length="100000" type="image/jpeg"/>
	<dc:identifier>NAV0093</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Course indicator</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>Browne, Henry, &amp; Son</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:creator>Luard, W B, Cdr</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>Barking, London, England; about 1960</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial>Barking, London, England</dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal>1900</dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium></dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Navigational Instruments</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[This course indicator comprises a flexible rule (scaled in inches) pivoted in two 360-degree compass cards. The bottom card carries a magnetic variation scale and a compass error check scale, all in black. The top card has a red deviation scale and two setting arrows, all in red. The Sestrel-Luard was designed by Commander W.B. Luard, RN, as a replacement for the parallel rule for use with charts. The instrument allows one to plot true, magnetic or compass courses or bearings.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0093</guid>
        <pubDate>Mon, 09 Mar 2009 10:14:07 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>2009-03-09T10:14:07Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
    <item>
    	<title> AGM 5</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0498%2E1</link>
        <enclosure url="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/images/100/F/55/F5589-001.jpg" length="100000" type="image/jpeg"/>
	<dc:identifier>NAV0498.1</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Gyro-magnetic compass binnacle and hood</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>unknown</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>England; circa 1952</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial>England</dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal>1952</dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium></dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Navigational Instruments</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[The gyro-magnetic compass was designed to combine the best aspects of the gyrocompass and the magnetic compass, by using a gyro-control to smooth out perturbations of the magnetic system, in particular those arising during fast turns and complicated manoeuvrings. Initially, this had been successfully tried in aircraft and was then applied to marine compasses in the 1950s. These trials resulted in the development of the AGM 5 by 1952. This compass was an immediate success and was widely fitted as the standard compass on ships.

The remaining parts of the system comprise a binnacle and compass, gyro unit, control console, a ribbon repeater with dimmer unit, two supply switches and some cables. Beneath the removable hood of the binnacle is a compass with a card of 5 inch (127 mm) diameter that is marked in points and in degrees (0-360).]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0498%2E1</guid>
        <pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2008 12:34:22 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>2008-02-13T12:34:22Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
    <item>
    	<title> AGM 5</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0498%2E5</link>
        <enclosure url="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/images/100/F/55/F5581-004.jpg" length="100000" type="image/jpeg"/>
	<dc:identifier>NAV0498.5</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Gyro-magnetic compass supply switch</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>unknown</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>England; circa 1952</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial>England</dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal>1952</dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium></dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Navigational Instruments</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[Supply switch for the gyrocompass type AGM 5.

The gyro-magnetic compass was designed to combine the best aspects of the gyrocompass and the magnetic compass, by using a gyro-control to smooth out perturbations of the magnetic system, in particular those arising during fast turns and complicated manoeuvrings. Initially, this had been successfully tried in aircraft and was then applied to marine compasses in the 1950s. These trials resulted in the development of the AGM 5 by 1952. This compass was an immediate success and was widely fitted as the standard compass on ships.

The remaining parts of the system comprise a binnacle and compass, gyro unit, control console, a ribbon repeater with dimmer unit, two supply switches and some cables. Beneath the removable hood of the binnacle is a compass with a card of 5 inch (127 mm) diameter that is marked in points and in degrees (0-360).]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0498%2E5</guid>
        <pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2008 12:36:39 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>2008-02-13T12:36:39Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
    <item>
    	<title> AGM 5</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0498%2E6</link>
        <enclosure url="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/images/100/F/55/F5581-004.jpg" length="100000" type="image/jpeg"/>
	<dc:identifier>NAV0498.6</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Gyro-magnetic compass supply switch</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>unknown</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>England; circa 1952</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial>England</dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal>1952</dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium></dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Navigational Instruments</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[Supply switch for the gyrocompass type AGM 5 with ON/OFF handle.

The gyro-magnetic compass was designed to combine the best aspects of the gyrocompass and the magnetic compass, by using a gyro-control to smooth out perturbations of the magnetic system, in particular those arising during fast turns and complicated manoeuvrings. Initially, this had been successfully tried in aircraft and was then applied to marine compasses in the 1950s. These trials resulted in the development of the AGM 5 by 1952. This compass was an immediate success and was widely fitted as the standard compass on ships.

The remaining parts of the system comprise a binnacle and compass, gyro unit, control console, a ribbon repeater with dimmer unit, two supply switches and some cables. Beneath the removable hood of the binnacle is a compass with a card of 5 inch (127 mm) diameter that is marked in points and in degrees (0-360).]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0498%2E6</guid>
        <pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2008 12:37:02 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>2008-02-13T12:37:02Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
    <item>
    	<title> Liquid boat&apos;s compass and binnacle</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0501</link>
        <enclosure url="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/images/100/D/22/D2240_1.jpg" length="100000" type="image/jpeg"/>
	<dc:identifier>NAV0501</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Liquid boat&apos;s compass and binnacle</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>unknown</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>USSR; 1975</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial>USSR</dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal>1975</dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium>brass; plastic; glass</dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Navigational Instruments</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[This Russian liquid compass is held in a portable binnacle, allowing it to be used either as a boat&#x2019;s compass or to be moved easily around a ship. The binnacle is made of brass and has a carrying handle and a lamp holder, allowing the compass to be lit at night.

The compass has a brass bowl and a plastic compass card with a central float. The card is marked in degrees and in points, with the letters N, NO, O, SO, S, SW, W, NW printed at the appropriate points. Two vertical wires on the inside of the bowl form the lubber lines.
]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0501</guid>
        <pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2008 12:10:28 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>2008-02-13T12:10:28Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
    <item>
    	<title> Liquid compass</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=ACO0138</link>
        <enclosure url="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/images/100/F/55/F5572-001.jpg" length="100000" type="image/jpeg"/>
	<dc:identifier>ACO0138</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Liquid compass</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>W. F. Reynolds</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>England; 1874</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial>England</dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal>1874</dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium>brass; glass; wood; mica</dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, Admiralty Compass Observatory Collection</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Admiralty Compass Observatory Collection</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[This yacht compass is made of brass with a lamp holder on the side of the cover for lighting the compass card at night. The card is made of mica with a central float and is marked in points. The card is mounted on a hinged bracket, part of which acts as a lubber line. This design of liquid compass was patented by W.F. Renolds in 1874 (patent number 101). The patent was for a compass with a vertical or near-vertical card, but this has been replaced in this example, which was used on the royal yacht &#x2018;Victoria and Albert&#x2019; until 1902.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=ACO0138</guid>
        <pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2008 12:03:49 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>2008-02-13T12:03:49Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
    <item>
    	<title> Liquid compass and binnacle</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=ACO0175</link>
        <enclosure url="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/images/100/F/56/F5626-001.jpg" length="100000" type="image/jpeg"/>
	<dc:identifier>ACO0175</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Liquid compass and binnacle</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>Henry Hughes &amp; Son</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>London, England; circa 1930</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial>London, England</dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal>1930</dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium>brass; mica; brass; glass</dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, Admiralty Compass Observatory Collection</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Admiralty Compass Observatory Collection</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[This compass binnacle is made of mahogany with brass fittings, which include two oil lamp holders and two chain boxes (for correcting quadrantal error). The four vertical brass strips on the binnacle give access to the corrector magnets held inside. The government mark - a broad arrow - is also stamped onto the binnacle in various places. A metal label identifies the maker as &#x2018;HENRY HUGHES &amp;amp; SON MARINE OPTICIAN 58, FENCHURCH ST. LONDON&#x2019;.

The liquid compass inside has a white painted mica compass card with a central float which has two needles mounted beneath. The card is marked in points to quarter points. The maker&#x2019;s name &#x2013; &#x2018;HUGHES &amp;amp; SON&#x2019; - is also marked on the card. The bowl has an expansion chamber at the bottom and the inside is painted white with a black lubber line painted on the side.

This type of compass and binnacle was developed for commercial shipping. This example was passed to the Admiralty Compass Observatory from the trawler &#x2018;Adda&#x2019; in 1936.
]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=ACO0175</guid>
        <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2009 09:45:11 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>2009-08-11T09:45:11Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
    <item>
    	<title> Carta prima generale d&apos;Affrica e parte d&apos;America</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=G213%3A6%2F4</link>
        <enclosure url="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/images/100/F/02/F0201.jpg" length="100000" type="image/jpeg"/>
	<dc:identifier>G213:6/4</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Chart/map</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>Dudley, Robert</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>[Florence]. [1646]</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial></dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal>1646</dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium></dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Charts</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[[ca. 1:9 000 000 (lat)]. 
Mercator projection
From Dudley&apos;s Dell&apos; arcane del mare
Macpherson collection
Graduated. Mercator projection [prime meridian through Pico, Azores]. Notes compass variation and currents.
Inset: Mare di Ethiopia (continuation of main chart eastwards). Decoration: ship and compass rose.
]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=G213%3A6%2F4</guid>
        <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 1900 00:00:00 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>1900-01-01T00:00:00Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
    <item>
    	<title> Dry card compass</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=ACO0004</link>
        <enclosure url="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/images/100/F/55/F5569-001.jpg" length="100000" type="image/jpeg"/>
	<dc:identifier>ACO0004</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Dry card compass</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>Syeds &amp; Davis</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>London, England; 1827</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial>London, England</dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal>1827</dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium>brass; card; glass; wood</dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, Admiralty Compass Observatory Collection</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Admiralty Compass Observatory Collection</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[The compass, like this ship&#x2019;s steering compass, is one of the most important navigational instruments, since it enables mariners to know the direction in which they are sailing. The compass card of this example is made of paper and is marked with the points of the compass, with north decorated with a fleur-de-lys and some decoration of the east point. On top of the card is a metal ring graduated from 0 to 360 degrees with 0.5 degree divisions. The maker&#x2019;s name is printed around the centre of the card as &#x2018;SYEDS &amp;amp; DAVIS 379, Rotherhithe, London&#x2019; and the card is dated &#x2018;May 26th 1827&#x2019;. The brass bowl is fitted with a stop mechanism to steady the card. It is weighted with lead and is mounted on pivots.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=ACO0004</guid>
        <pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2008 12:03:02 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>2008-02-13T12:03:02Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
    <item>
    	<title> Azimuth compass</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0288</link>
        <enclosure url="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/images/100/8765/8765/8765.jpg" length="100000" type="image/jpeg"/>
	<dc:identifier>NAV0288</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Compass</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>J. Fowler</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:creator>H. Gregory</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>London, England; compass bowl circa 1720; compass card circa 1760</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial>London, England</dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal>1720/1760</dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium>brass; wood; glass</dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Navigational Instruments</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[This compass was designed to allow the navigator to take the sun&apos;s bearing as a way of determining the variation of the compass from true north. It is mounted in brass gimbals within a wooden case with carrying handles. The compass card is marked in degrees and compass points, with north decorated with a fleur-de-lys. It has a single iron needle with a brass cap that rests on a brass spike projecting from the bottom of the bowl. The brass cover has an index arm fixed to one side, which can rotate so that the alidade (which is a modern replacement) moves across a degree scale. 

To use the compass, the bowl is rotated until a pair of cross-wires under the glass cover line up with the cardinal points on the compass card. The index arm, which is pivoted at the side of the bowl, is turned until the shadow of the thread is thrown onto the slit of the upright sight. The horizontal alidade then indicates the sun&apos;s bearing on the scale engraved on the compass cover. In principle, the diagonals on the scale allow the bearing to be read to an accuracy of 5 minutes, although this accuracy was not possible in practice.

The name of the maker, &apos;J. Fowler LONDON&apos;, is engraved on the compass cover, probably referring to John Fowler. The compass card has the name &apos;H. GREGORY neare the India House LONDON.&apos; on it, referring to Henry Gregory, who was apprenticed to John Fowler in 1732 and worked in London until the 1780s.
]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0288</guid>
        <pubDate>Mon, 07 Apr 2008 14:42:49 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>2008-04-07T14:42:49Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
    <item>
    	<title> Mariner&apos;s compass</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0378</link>
        
	<dc:identifier>NAV0378</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Compass</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>Jonathan Eade</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>Wapping, London, England; circa 1750</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial>Wapping, London, England</dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal>1750</dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium>wood; paper; brass; iron; lead; glass</dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, Pym Collection</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Navigational Instruments</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[The mariner&apos;s compass, which enabled mariners to know the direction in which they were sailing, has always been one of the most important navigational instruments. 

This example is mounted in a wooden box to keep it safe (the lid is now missing). The compass itself is mounted on brass gimbals to keep it steady on a moving ship. It has a single iron needle with a brass cap that rests on a spike projecting from the bottom of the bowl, which also contains some lead to weigh it down and keep it steady. The compass card is made of paper and is marked both in degrees and with the points of the compass. North is indicated by a fleur-de-lys, while the other cardinal and half-cardinal points have images of figures representing the sun, moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus, Jupiter and Saturn. Some small blobs of sealing wax remain on the underside of the card (they were originally put there to keep it balanced).]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0378</guid>
        <pubDate>Mon, 12 Oct 2009 10:34:45 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>2009-10-12T10:34:45Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
    <item>
    	<title> Pocket compass</title>
        <link>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0466</link>
        <enclosure url="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/images/100/F/65/F6576-001.jpg" length="100000" type="image/jpeg"/>
	<dc:identifier>NAV0466</dc:identifier>
    	<dc:type>Pocket compass</dc:type>
	
		<dc:creator>Gilbert &amp; Sons</dc:creator>
	
		<dc:coverage>London, England; circa 1815</dc:coverage>
        <dcterms:spatial>London, England</dcterms:spatial>
        <dcterms:temporal>1815/1817</dcterms:temporal>
        <dcterms:medium>brass, glass, card, iron</dcterms:medium>
        <dcterms:license valueURI="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/copyright.cfm"/>
        
        <dcterms:rightsHolder>National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London</dcterms:rightsHolder>
        
        <dc:subject>Navigational Instruments</dc:subject>
        
        <description><![CDATA[Dry card compass in a brass bowl with a brass lid. The card is graduated to 32 points and quadrantally in degrees, with the north and east points decorated. The copmpass is part of a set of instruments belonged to Edward Newell Harrison, who was clerk of HMS &apos;Assistance&apos; during the 1850-51 search for Franklin. The set comprises a small magnetic compass for direction finding, and a box sextant (NAV1220) and artificial horizon (NAV0019), used together for making observations while carrying out surveying work on land.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=NAV0466</guid>
        <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jun 2009 11:53:29 UT</pubDate>
        <dcterms:issued>2009-06-01T11:53:29Z</dcterms:issued>
    </item>
    
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